Kwayedza
— Yemidziyo nedzimba muwanano
Fourie Revai —
NYAYA yekodzero yemidziyo yewanano yave nenguva yakareba ichitaurika.
MuZimbabwe, wanano dzose dzinoonekwa sedziri pasi pebandiko re”out of community of property” zvichireva kuti midziyo yose inenge yakawanikwa munguva yewanano muridzi wayo ndouyo anenge aine zita rakanyoreswa midziyo iyoyo.
Zvisinei, vanenge vari muwanano vanokwanisa kunyorerana pasi chibvumirano chinozivikanwa nekuti “ante-nuptial contract” apo vanotsanangura zvakajeka maringe nemidziyo yavo.
Asi, pane dambudziko pamidziyo yakaita semasitendi nedzimba.
Nguva yakawanda midziyo inenge yakawanikwa panguva yewanano inonyoreswa muzita remunhu mumwe chete, zvikuru muzita remurume.
Izvi zvinoitika kunyangwe vaviri vari muwanano vakabatsira mukutengwa kwemidziyo iyi. Pamutemo, kuve mwene wemudziyo wakaita semba kunoonekwa nezita rinenge rakanyoreswa. Pane nyaya dzakawanda dzapinda mumatare edzimhosva dziri pamusoro pekuti mumwe ari muwanano anenge atengesa imba kana kuiita chibatiso chezvikwereti mumwe waakaroorana naye akashandirawo imba iyi asina ruzivo nezvazvo.
Vanoona nezvekutongwa kwemhosva kumatare vagara vachiti mutemo uyu unofanirwa kuvandudzwa izvo zvatinotsinhira zvakare.
Bumbiro remutemo weZimbabwe rinokurudzira kuenzaniswa kwevanhurume nevanhukadzi (Section 56) pane zvose.
Pasi pechikamu cheSection 26 chebumbiro remutemo wenyika, Hurumende ine basa rekuona kuti pane kuenzaniswa kwemurume nemukadzi vari muwanano uye nepanguva yavanenge vorambana. Izvi zvinofambirawo kusvika panyaya yemidziyo inenge yawanikwa munguva yewanano.
Asi izvi handizvo chaizvo zviri kuitika mukurarama kwevanhu.
Mutemo wedu unochengetedza kodzero yekuve nemudziyo nekudaro kana pasina kunyoreswa kwemazita evaviri vari muwanano panyaya yemidziyo, uyo ane zita riri pamudziyo uyu anokwanisa kuutengesa zviri pamutemo pasina kuzivisa mumwe muwanano.
Kubatsirwa kunenge kwakaitwa nemumwe ari muwanano mukutenga kana kuvakwa kwemudziyo uyu hakutariswi uye hakukwanisi kumisa kutengeswa kwawo.
Mune imwe nyaya ichangopinda mudare guru reHigh Court of Zimbabwe (Madzara vs Stanbic Bank Zimbabwe Limited and 4 others), mumwe mudzimai akazoziva kuti murume wake akatora chikwereti kubhanga uye ndokushandisa imba yavo sechibatiso (mortgage bond). Murume uyu akazotadza kubhadhara mari yechikwereti iyi ndokuendeswa kumatare nebhanga iri iro rakange rave kuda kutengesa imba iyi kuitira kuti riwane mari yaro.
Mudzimai uyu akazoenda kumatare achida kumisa kutengeswa kwemba iyi achiti ndiye muridzi wayo chaiye.
Magweta aimirira mudzimai uyu akapa zvikonzero zvakasimba zvinosanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwekodzero yemidziyo yewanano pamwe netsika nemagariro echivanhu anotadzisa kuti vamwe vanhukadzi vanyorese midziyo yavo mumazita avo. Nerimwewo divi, bhanga iri raiti pasi pemutemo muridzi wemudziyo ndouyo anenge aine zita rinenge rakanyoreswa uye hapana chaitadzisa mudzimai uyu kuti anyorese imba iyi muzita rake kana ichinge iri yake.
Dare rakaratidza kushushikana nemamiriro akaita mitemo inochengetedza kodzero dzemidziyo yewanano ndokuti inofanirwa kuvandudzwa. Ichokwadi kuti mitemo iyi inofanira kuvandudzwa nekukasika kuitira kuchengetedza kodzero dzemidziyo yewanano.
Bumbiro remutemo wenyika rinotaura zvakajeka pamusoro pekuenzaniswa kwekodzero dzevanhukadzi nevanhurume panyaya yemidziyo yewanano saka kwasara kuti vanoona nezvekudzikwa kwemutemo vaite basa ravo rekuvandudza mitemo iyi. Kune dzimwe nyika dzakaita seCanada, imba yewanano haikwanise kutengeswa kana kuitwa chibatiso pasina kuwirirana kwevaviri vanenge vari muwanano.
Tinodawo kuti mitemo yemuno munyika inge yakadaro. Matare emuZimbabwe ari kuona kuti pane kuperevera kuri pamitemo yekuchengetedza kodzero dzewanano.
Mutemo unofanira kuchengetedza zvakajeka kodzero yemidziyo inenge yakanyoreswa mumazita evaviri vari muwanano. Dare reParamende rinokurudzirwa kuti rione zvekuita pamusoro penyaya yekuvandudza mitemo iyi.
Ichokwadi kuti kana mitemo iyi ikavandudzwa, madzimai akawanda achave nemufaro sezvo nguva zhinji vari kusara vachigunun’una nekuda kwenyaya yekugovewa kwemidziyo yewanano.
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