Kurima gorosi nemazvo

29 Apr, 2016 - 00:04 0 Views
Kurima gorosi nemazvo

Kwayedza

Mudhumeni Mukuru Ivan Craig
MUCHINYORWA chapfuura takataurirana nezvekugadzirira kudyarwa kwegorosi. Zvino tinoda kuudzana nezvekudyarwa kwegorosi. Tinovimba kuti murimi wose wegorosi agadzirira pane zvose zvinodiwa, kunyanya mahekita anoenderana nemvura iri mudhamu kana mumigodhi.

Kana muchidyara mumunda wakarimwa, unofanira kunge warimwa, kana muchidyara mumunda weconservation agriculture (CA) tinovimba kuti makagadzirirwa.

Gorosi rinopa gohwo repamusoro uye richikwanisa kuzadzikisa izvo zvinotarisirwa nevanogaya (millers) pamwe nevanobika chingwa (bakers). Kuti tibate magiredzi aya tinoda kuita zvose zvinenge zvakatarisirwa.

Nguva yekudyara gorosi inokosha zvikuru kuitira kuti tione gohwo repamusoro rinogona kusvika kumatani gumi pahekita (10t/ha), zvinobatsira zvakare kuti gorosi risanaiwe nemvura inotanga kunaya iya inokuvadza hunaku hwembesa (poor grades).

Gorosi harifanire kunaiwa kana richinge raibva nekuti rinobva yashata zvekuti kana kugadzira chikafu chezvipfuyo haigoni. Rikangonaiwa chete haitengeki, rikawana anotenga haribhadhare zvine musoro saka kuzvigona kudyara gorosi kutanga kwemwedzi waChivabvu (May) kusvika paunopera. Iyi nguva inotipa gohwo repamusoro-soro uye rakanakisisa.

Seeding rate: Huwandu hwembesa pahekita hunokosha zvikuru kuitira kuti mukwanise kubata gohwo. Kana muchikusha mbeu munoda 135kg pahekita.

Kana muchidyara nemuchina unonzi seed drill munoda 125kg pahekita.

Ndinovimba ivhu renyu rakanoongororwa mamiriro arakaita kuitira kuti muzive mhando nehuwandu hwefetiriza yekushandisa, kana musina munogona kushandisa huwandu hwakanyorwa pasi, asi edzai mumwaka unotevera kuti ivhu riongororwe.

Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru nokuti ivhu harizoite kwashi, zvinotibatsira kuti tipe ivhu zvarinoda tigowana gohwo rinowirirana nevhu redu. Ivhu rejecha rinoda fetiriza yepasi nepamusoro iri pakati pe400 – 450kg pahekita. Ivhu rakasimba rinoda fetiriza yepasi nepamusoro iri pakati pe400 – 450kg pahekita.

Kuti tideredze mari yekugadzirira zvichikwidza purofiti, tinokusha fetiriza yepasi tozopinda tichirima uye tinenge tichisanganisa fetiriza neivhu tozopinza hara (disc harrow) kuti ivhu ritsetseke kuitira kuti gorosi rizokushika zvakaenzana.

Michina mizhinji yekudyarisa gorosi (seed drills) haina chekuisisa fetirisa, nekudaro kukusha fetiriza ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa nevakawanda. Asi kana muchina uine chekuisisa fetiriza, munodyara pamwe nekuisa fetiriza kamwe chete.

Kazhinji varimi vane muchina uyu vanokwanisa kudyara gorosi mumunda usina kurimwa. Kana muchidyara nemuchina uyu (seed drill) munoda mbeu inoita 125kg pahekita.

Tinokurudzira kuti tisati tadyara gorosi todiridzira munda kusvika waguta mvura (field capacity), kana muchinge mashandisa muchina wekudyarisa mozongobatsira netumvura tushoma twekunyautsa pamusoro kuti mubatsire gorosi rigone kubuda. Kana makaita mbeu yekukusha nemawoko kana nevicon spreader munoda kumhanyisa roller pamusoro kuitira kuti mbeu yenyu ibatane nevhu zvichibatsira kuti imere yese nekukurumidza.

Kwapera mazuwa mana mopinza mvura shomanana maminitsi gumi nematatu (30mins) kuitira kubatsira kuti ibude muvhu. Yamera yese, tomboinyima mvura kwemazuva anokwana kuita 21.

Kunyima mvura kunobatsira kuti gorosi riite masakatire zvinowanza goho, zvichibatsira zvakare kuti midzi idzike pasi pamwe nekusimba.

Panopera mazuva aya, basa remugorosi harichamira kusvika rabviswa mumunda.

Panongoperera mazuva makumi maviri nerimwe chete, ndipo panoiswa fetiriza yepamusoro. Kazhinji fetiriza yepamusoro (top) inoitwa zvekukushwa nemawoko asi vicon spreader ndiyo inonatsa kuita basa rakanaka.

Huwandu hwefetiriza yepasi hwataisa ndihwo hunofanirwa kuiswa pamusoro.

Kana tiri muvhu rakasimba tinoisa fetiriza iyi kamwe chete asi kana muri mujecha munoisa chidimbu (half) mozopamha chimwe chidimbu kwapera mamwe masvondo mana.

Mumazuva aya ndipo tinoisa mushonga wesora, tapedza tobva tatevera nemvura kusvikira gorosi raibva.

Madiridziro (irrigation) inofanira kukwana, haifaniri kuwandisa gorosi rinooma, zvakare haifaniri kushomeka.

Zvinhu zvakanaka kuenda kunana mazvikokota kuti vakubatsirei kuti gorosi rinoda mvura yakawanda sei uye munofanira kudiridzira kwenguva yakareba musati machinja chidiridziro chenyu.

Iyi nguwa yandiri kukupai inoshanda kwose kwose (general recommendations), asi ndinokurudzira kuti mugadzirirwe hurongwa hwemadiridziro hunoenderana nenzvimbo yamuri kurimira.

Kana muri kuvhu rakasimba munofanira kudiridza 25mm per 12 to 14 hr kana muri muvhu rejecha huwandu hwemvura humwe chete asi modiridzira kwenguwa inokwana kuita maawa gumi kusvika pamaawa gumi nemairi (10 to 12hr cycle). Mvura munoramba muchidiridza kusvika gorosi rava kuoma pamutsipa.

Chengetedzai goho nekurinda shiri, kuisa nzira dzemoto (fire guards), kurindira mhuka dzesango pamwe nedzemumusha.

Chengetedza goho nehunaku hwegorosi nekurikohwa kusati kwanaya nokuti rikanaiwa hunaku hwose hunobva hwapera zvekuti hapana anoda kurishandisa.

Chengetedzai gorosi zvakanaka kusvika maona munhu ane mutengo wakanaka, uyezve richengetedzei muimba inofefetera, ichitonhorera, isina makonzo, isingasvikwi nembavha pasina zvimwe zvinhu zvinochengetwa ipapo, uyezve nzvimbo yamunochengetera ngaigare yakashambadzika.

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