Kuchengetedza goho zvakanaka

14 Jun, 2019 - 00:06 0 Views
Kuchengetedza goho zvakanaka Mai Dengu vepaChaminuka College mumwe wevarimi vakawana goho rakakura kubva kumbeu dzinouchikwa neSeed Co.

Kwayedza

Wendy Madzura
VARIMI vazhinji vanorasikirwa negoho ravo zviri pakati pe25% kusvika 30% nokuda kwekutadza kukohwa zvakanaka uye kuchengetedza goho ravo mushure mekunge varikohwa (harvest and post-harvest losses).

Nhasi tinoda kukupai mazano anokubatsirai panguva yekukohwa pamwechete nekuchengetedza goho zvakanaka.

Taramba kuti muite nzara, zvakakosha kuti tichengetedze goho ratinenge tawana mumwaka wanga uine mvura shoma kudai!

Pakukohwa, zvakakosha kucherechedza mazuva okuibva kwembeu anenge akatarwa maringe nekwamunenge muri (mbesa dzinosiyana mazuva adzinotora kusvika pakuibva, zvichienderana nekukwirira kana kudzikira kwakaita nzimbo yavanenge varimira kubva munyanza/gungwa (altitude). Mbeu dzinowanzokasira kuibva kunzvimbo dzakaderera kubva mugungwa kudarika nzvimbo dzakakwirira.

Muenzaniso wechibage chiri mumhuri yeShumba chikadyarwa kuMasvingo kana kuChiredzi chinotora mazuva mashoma kuti chisvike pakuibva kudarika mbeu imwe chete iyi ikadyarwa kuManicaland sekuChipinge kana kuChimanimani.

Varimi vasati vakohwa, zvakakosha kutora chitsama chembeu kunyanya soya beans kana chibage moendesa kunoongororwa kuti hunyoro hwasvika here pane hunodiwa kumisika yamunotengesera.

Munogona kuongororesa hunyoro kuGMB kana mamwe makambani anotenga mbeu.

Hunyoro hwekukohwa chibage hunogona kubva pa20% kusvika pa13%.

Asi hunyoro hunodiwa kumisika yekutengesa huri pa12.5%. Nokudaro chibage chinoda kuomeswa kuti chisvike ipapo. Izvi zvakakosha kuti chibage chirege kuwora.

Mbeu yesoya beans inotorwa nehunyoro hwe11% kumisika inenge GMB.

Cherechedzai kuti mbeu iri kuratidza here hunhu hwembeu yasvika tichipa muenzaniso wechibage tinoona kuti chinoita kakofa katema patsanga kanoratidza kuti mbeu yaguma kukura. Uye dzinde rembeu rinotanga kusanduka ruvara nokuomesa mashizha. Ngwarirai kuti kumwe kuoma kunogona kunge chiri chirwere.

Pakukohwa chibage kune nzira mbiri dzinokwanisa kushandiswa. Nzira yekutangandeye kukohwa nemaoko vachikanda muchikochikari, tarakita ichifamba zvishoma kuti vanhu vakande chibage. Iyi nzira inoda kuti vanokohwa vasawandise kuti vakande chibage chichisvika muchikochikari, kana kukohwa nemaoko vachikanda mumasaga kana mumadhiramu vozokuturira muchikochikari.

Chibage chinozoiswa muSheller kana kuchitokonora nemaoko. Ngwarirai kusiya chibage mumunda uye tarisai kuti sheller haiburitsi marara pamwe chete nechibage, nekuti izvi zvinodzikisa goho. Zvakakosha kuti chibage chese chinenge chadonha chinhongwe kuti varimi vasarasikirwa negoho ravo.

Nzira yechipiri inokwanisa kushandiswa nevarimi pakukohwa kushandisa michina inonzi maCombine harvester. Iyi michina inoda kucherechedzwa kuti iri kupindirana here nemitsara nekutaramutsa kwamunenge makaita mbesa pakudyara. Tinodaro nekuti mbesa inogona kusiya rimwe goho mumunda.

Michina iyi inotoda kugadziriswa isati yatanga kushanda kuti isatsemure mbeu izvo zvinozoita kuti mbeu dzitadze kutengwa zvakanaka kumisika inosanganisira GMB.

Kana chibage chichinge chakohwewa chiine hunyoro huri pamusoro kupfuura hunotenderwa kumisika huri pa12.5%, zvakakosha kuti varimi vashandise nzira dzekuomesa chibage dzinosanganisira:

1) Kuisa chibage padara rakakwirira uye rakagadzirwa newaya kuti chiwane mhepo yekuoma zvakanaka. Vamwe vanowarika paruware kana patende. Musawarika chibage pasi chaipo musina chamawarira setende nokuti chinozotora hunyoro kubva pasi chononoka kuoma kana kuora.

2) Imwe nzira yekuomesa chibage ndeyekuchiisa mumichina inopisa zvekuti hunyoro hunopera anonzi magrain dryers. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa nevarimi vendima dzakakura vanenge vachida kudyara mbesa dzinenge gorosi nenguva. Nekudaro, vanokohwa chibage chiine hunyoro hwakawanda vozochiomesa mumagrain dryer.

Kana varimi vachida kuchengeta chibage kwenguva refu, vanokwanisa kushandisa:

  1. a) mishonga inodzivirira kubva kuzvipfukuto zvinenge chiya chinonzi Larger grain borer (chipfukuto chemusoro mukuru). Mishonga iriko yakasiyana-siyana inosanganisira Actellic Gold Dust, Chamboko neSuper Max. Zvakakosha kucherechedza mazuva akatarwa pamushonga kuti mumire musati madya chibage. Mushonga unoiswa chete kana chibage chave nehunyoro hwe12.5% kana hwakadzika kudarika ipapo.

Pakushandisa mishonga zvakakosha kuti mukurukure nemadhumeni emakambani emishonga kuti muwane mishonga inoshanda zvakanaka. Uye pakushandisa mishonga yambiro yedu ndeyekuti zvakakosha kuverenga nekunzwisisa mirairo inenge yakanyorwa pagwaro rinenge rakanamirwa pamushonga (label).

Vamwe vanoshandisa mapiritsi asi ane njodzi yakanyanya nokuti mweya waanoburitsa unouraya.

Mapiritsi haakuridzirwi kune varimi vasina dzimba dzekuchengetera chibage, dzisina kubatana nedzimba dzavo (dura/store room). Uye anenge achida kudzokorora kuiswa nguva nenguva kana mweya waanoburitsa wapera.

Pakushandisa mishonga, chibage chinoda kutanga chapepetwa kuti chisare chakachena uye mushonga unoda kunyatsosanganiswa nechibage chisati chaiswa mumasaga. Zvakakosha kuverenga mirairo inenge yakatarwa kuti mushonga ushande zvakanaka. Vamwe vanoshandisa nzira dzechivanhu vachiti dzinovashandira asi hatina humboo hwekuti zvinoshanda zvakadii.

Tinokurudzira kuti varimi vashandise mishonga yakaongororwa ikapihwa mvumo yekushanda kuzvipfukuto.

Panguva inotanga basa rekukohwa, zvakakosha kuongororo nzvimbo inoda kuchengeterwa chibage kuti yakachena here, kana paine pakatsemuka panoda kunamiwa nokuti imomo ndimo munogara zvipfukuto. Denga rinoda kupfirirwa kana kunamwa kana riine panobvinza kana kupinza twumbuyu nezvipembenene. Kana muine chibage chemwaka wapfuura, chinoda kuonekwa kuti hachina kupfukutwa here kana kuchiburitsa imimo. Pakushandisa chibage chinenge chapinda mudura varimi vanokurudzirwa kushandisa chibage chinenge chatanga kupinda mudura muchisiya chinenge chapedzisira kupinda mudura kuti chisagarise chisati chashanda (FIFO /first in first out concept)

Nzimbo dzokuchengetera chibage dzinosanganisira:

  1. a) Dura: Rinobva ranamiwa pagonhi, asi rinoiswa buri kana gonhi rinovhurika nekuvharika rekuburitsa chibage kana chave kuda kushanda kana kutengeswa.
  2. b) Dura resimbi: Rinokwanisa kushandiswa kuchengetera chibage kwenguva refu nokuti rinoshanda nokushaisa mweya wekufema kune zvese zvingada kurarama mudura iri.

Kurudziro yedu ndeyekuti varimi regai kuputsa chirongo masvika. Zvakakosha kuti mbesa dzese dzikohwewe zvakanaka uye kuti kana takohwa tichengetedze goho redu zvakanaka takamirira kuendesa kumisika kana kuzoshandisa pamusha.

RANGARIRAI KUTI VARIMI VANORASIKIRWA NEGOHO ZVIRI PAKATI PE 25% KUSVIKA 30% NOKUDA KWEKUTADZA KUCHENGETEDZA GOHO RAVO ZVAKANAKA.

SEED CO NDIWO MUSHA WEGOHO GURU!

 

l Mai Wendy Madzura murimisi kuSeed Co

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