Kwayedza
Wendy Madzura
PAKURIMA mumunda, varimi vanofanira kucherechedza kutenuka kunenge kwakaita munda (slope). Musarima pamunda wakanyanya kutenuka nekuti zvinoita kuti ivhu rikukurwe nemhepo kana nemvura (erosion).
Kana muchirima, zvakakosha kutevedza ma”contour lines” kunyanya pamunda une materu. Varimi vanofanira kushandisa midziyo inokodzera pakurima (implements). Onai kuti midziyo yamuri kushandisa inoenderana pamhando (type) nekukura (size) muchitarisa zvipfuyo zvenyu, dzingava mombe kana madhongi.
Kuvarimi veminda mihombe, cherechedzai kuti mune midziyo yekurimisa yakadii. Sarudzo yemidziyo yekurimisa inofanira kucherechedza mbesa dzese dzichada kutevera pamunda (rotations). Varimi vanofanirazve kutarisa vashandi vavanenge vainavo (labour) pamunda pamwe chete nemitengo (cost) inosanganisira mafuta ekurimisa (fuel).
Tinokurudzira kuti varimi vacherechedze zvakanaka nezvisina kunaka panzira dzese dzekurima vasati vaita sarudzo (advantages & disadavntages). Tinodaro nokuti kusandura nzira yekurima pamunda kunounza nyaya yekutenga kana kuhaya midziyo mitsva pamunda.
Nzira dzekurima dzakawanda asi varimi vanofanira kusarudza zvinoita kuti vawane pundutso (yield & profit) pakurima kwavo. Varimi vanofanira kucherechedza kuti nzira dzavasarudza hadzikanganisi nharaunda yavanogara (environment) pamwe chete neivhu.
Tichitarisa varimi vanoshandisa mombe kana madhongi, tinoona kuti mombe dzinokwanisa kushandisirwa joki (yoke) nokuti dzinogadzira simba kubva pahuro (necks & withers). Tochiona kuti joki (yoke) iri hariite kushandisa pamadhongi nokuti anogadzira simba rawo kubva pachipfuva (chest).
Tichitarisa varimi vanoshandisa midziyo inodhonzwa nematarakita, tinoona kuti ndiko kune mhando dzakasiyana dzinogona kusevenzeswa nevarimi. Muchidimbu tichabata mhando idzi tichibata zvikamu zviviri “conventional” ne”conservation tillage” tichiona padzakanakira kana kuti padzinogona kunetsera kuti varimi vaite sarudzo yavo nehungwaru.
Conventional tillage
Nzira iyi inowanzotevedza zvikamu zvinotevera:
1) Ripper – disc – roller – planter
2) Ploughing – disc – roller – planter
3) Chisel plough – disc – roller – planter
Nzira dzekurima dzinoti ripping, ploughing kana chisel ploughing dzinopinda pane inonzi (primary tillage), kurima kwekutanga pamunda. Tochiti disking & rolling zvinopinda pane inonzi secondary tillage kurima kunonyatsotsetsenura ivhu munda usati wadyarwa. Varimi vanokurudzirwa kuita imwe chete yenzira nhatu idzi kamwe chete pamakore maviri kana matatu kwete gore rega rega. Tinodaro nekuti nzira iyi inoshandisa 15 – 20% yemutengo unodiwa pakurima. Nzira idzi dzinokonzera kukukurwa kwevhu nemvura kwakawanda nekukanganisa mamiriro evhu (soil structure).
Varimi yeukai kuti kurima zvine pundutso kunobva pazvinhu zviviri – kusarudza mbeu nehungwaru pamwe chete nekurima zvakanaka kumunda (good agronomic practices/GAP). Kurima munda nemazvo uye nenguva ndopanotangira magood agronomic practices nokudaro varimi onai kuti minda yagadzirwa mwaka wekudyara usati wasvika kuti murime zvine pundutso.
Wendy Madzura mudhumeni mukuru weSeed Co uye anobatika panhare dzinoti 0713270080 kana 0773270080
