Kwayedza
Wendy Madzura
SUGAR beans chirimwa chakakosha kurima nokuti chinoshanda kuvandutsa utano hwevanhu. Kana ikarimwa zvakanaka, sugar beans inobatsira pakugutsa nyika (food security).
Kurima sugar beans zvine pundutso kunovandutsa mararamiro evarimi nekuvapa mari yekuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana (income)uye chirimwa ichi chakanaka zvikuru pakuvandutsa utano hwevhu. Nokudaro varimi vanokurudzirwa kurima sugar beans zvine pundutso.
Kurima zvine pundutso kunobva pazviga zviviri zvinoti kusarudza mbeu nehungwaru pamwe chete nekurima zvakanaka mumunda. Sugar beans ndechimwe chezvirimwa zvinokwanisa kupa murimi mari yakawanda kana dzikarimwa zvakanaka.
Mwaka wekudyara sugar beans unobva muna Ndira kusvika muna Kukadzi zvekutoti varimi vazhinji vakatodyara mbesa dzavo. Panguva ino yemwaka varimi vazhinji vebhinzi vari mubishi kuriritira mbesa dzavo kuburikidza nekusakura kana kupfapfaidza mishonga yesora.
Sora rinokwikwidzana nembesa pahunyoro pamwe chete nemafetireza. Naizvozvo zvakakosha kuti munda ugare usina sora kunyanya kwemavhiki matanhatu kusvika kugumi ekukura kwembesa.
Kana mbesa yesugar beans ichinge yamera, murimi anofanira kupfapfaidza mushonga unobatsira kuti dzisabatwe negonye re – “bean stem maggot”. Gonye iri idambudziko zvikuru kumbesa yesugar beans kunyanya kubva pakumera kusvika dzave nemavhiki mana kana mashanu.
Gonye iri rinoita kuti beans dzisvave kana kungooma. Varimi vanofanirwa kucherechedza padzinde rebeans, paya panobatana dzinde nevhu kuti hapana kuzvimba here nokuti kakonye aka kanokwanisa kunge kari mudzinde kachitadzisa mbesa kukura zvakanaka.
Varimi vanokurudzirwa kushandisa mishonga yegonye iri vasati vasangana nedambudziko nokuti vakanonoka kuona dambudziko iri, bhinzi dzese dzinopera kuoma mumunda. Varimi vanobva varasikirwa nemari yavanenge vashandisa kurima mbesa uye yavanga vachawana mushure mekutengesa goho ravo.
Imwe yemishonga inokwanisa kushandiswa kugonye iri inosanganisira Diazinon, asi tinokurudzira kuti varimi vakurukure nevarimisi vavo vemakambani emishonga pamwe chete nemadhumeni avo eHurumende kuti vawane ruzivo maringe nemishonga yekushandisa uye mashandisirwo ayo akanaka.
Gonye rebean stem maggot harisiriro rega rinokanganisa murimi pakurima zvine pundutso. Kune rimwe gonye rinodya nekugura padzinde pedyo nepanobatana dzinde nevhu. Gonye iri rine ruvara rutema uye rinogara muvhu, nokudaro varimi vanokwanisa kutadza kuriona kusvika madzinde mazhinji apera kugurwa. Izvi zvinodzikisa huwandu hwemadzinde pandima, goho revarimi robva radererawo.
Mishonga inokwanisa kushandiswa kugonye iri inosanganisira Lamda cyhalothrin nemimwe. Chakakosha pakusarudza mishonga kuwana ruzivo rwakakwana rwemashandisirwo ayo nokuti mishonga ikasashandiswa zvakanaka inokwanisa kupisa mbesa kana kutadza kupedza dambudziko rinenge rapinda mumunda.
Mbeu yesugar beans ine chipo chekugadzira mhando yekudya kunowanikwa mufetireza yepamusoro (AN top dressing). Asi kurima kwaveko mazuva ano kwave kwemhando yebhizimusi nokudaro zvakakosha kuti varimi vaedze nepese pavanogona kukwidza goho nokuti iyi ndiyo yega nzira yekurima zvine pundutso, varimi vachisara vaine mari yakawanda muhomwe (return per dollar invested).
Kuti bhinzi dziite goho repamusoro, vamwe varimi vanenge vashandisa inonzi Rizhobium pakudyara. Iyi inobatsira kuti beans dzigadzire chikafu chemhando yetop. Varimi vaya vasina kushandisa Rhizobium kana kuti vanenge vaona mashizha asina kusvibira zvakakwana, vanokwanisa kushandisa fetireza yeAN. Nekuti kurima rave bhizimusi, varimi ngavacherechedze zvese zvinoita kuti varime zvine pundutso.
Pakukura kwembesa ipi zvayo, zvakakosha kuti varimi vapinde mumunda nguva nenguva, vachinatsotarisa kuti hapana chashandundaka here chingada mushonga (regular scouting). Kugaropinda mumunda nguva nenguva kwakakosha nokuti varimi vanokwanisa kuona kana twumbuyu twave nehuwandu hwunodzikisa goho (economic threshold).
Mushure mekuona dambudziko mumunda, zvakakosha kuchinjanisa mishonga yekupedza dambudziko kuti pasave nemukana wekungwadza twumbuyu zvinozoita kuti twusafe nemishonga (resistance).
Pakusarudza mbeu, zvakakosha kuti murimi azive zvirwere zvinonetsa nokuti izvi zvinomubatsira pakusarudza mbeu dzinozvirwira kubva kuzvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Mbeu dzine chipo ichi dzinosanganisira SC Sharp neSC Bounty. Mbeu idzi dzinoushingi kubva kuzvirwere zvinosanganisira chirwere chengura pamashizha (sugar bean rust), netwumavara twunenge twekutsva (angular leaf spot).
Pakurima zvine pundutso zvakakoshawo kuti varimi vatenge mbeu itsva gore negore nokuti inenge yaongororwa uye iine simba rekurwisa zvirwere. Hatikurudziri varimi kudyara beans dzemudura (retained seed) nokuti izvi zvinodzikisa goho.
Zvisinei nepasvika mwaka, yambiro yatingapa varimi vakadyara bhinzi ndeyekushandisa mishonga inobatsira kudzikisa mukana wekuti mbesa ibatwe nezvirwere. Mishonga iyi inosanganisira Cooper oxychloride kana Mancozeb asi mishonga iyi haishandi kana chirwere chatanga.
Hatineti kukurudzira kuti varimi vatsvage rubatsiro kunanamazvikokota vemishonga vasati vatenga nokuti vanokwanisa kurasikirwa nemari kana vakatenga mushonga usingaenderani nedambudziko ravanenge vachisangana naro kumunda.
Nekushanduka kwaita mwaka, zvakakosha kuti varimi vaedze nepese pavanogona kudiridza mbesa dzavo kunyanya panguva yekukura mhumhu (vegetative stage), yekuitwa kwemaruva (flowering) pamwe chete nekukanda kwevana (pod filling). Kana varimi vane madiridziro, tinoti vadiridze panguva idzi.
Rangarirai kuti kurima ibhizimusi nokudaro zvakakosha kuti varimi vacherechedze zvese zvinoita kuti varime zvine pundutso.
Wendy Madzura mudhumeni kuSeed Co. Mubatei panhare dzinoti 0773270080
