Kwayedza
Muchaneta Chimuka
KUNYANYA kushandiswa kwemishonga yakaita semaAntibiotics munyika muno kunonzi kuri kuisa utano hweveruzhinji panyatwa sezvo mishonga iyi ichigumisira yotadza kushanda zvakanaka mukurwisa zvirwere zvinosanganisira typhoid, cholera kana Covid-19.
Kusazoshanda kwemishonga iyi — uko kunozivikanwa muchirungu nekuti Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) — kwaenda zvakare kumishonga inorapiswa zvipfuyo.
Vachitaura pamusangano weAnti-Microbial Resistance wavakaita nevatori venhau pamasaisai (virtual meeting), Dr Portia Manangazira — avo vanova Director weEpidemiology and Disease Control kubazi rezveutano nekurerwa kwevana — vanoti nyika ino yava kusangana nedambudziko rekusashanda kwemishonga yemaAntibiotics iyo yakagara ichisevenzeswa mukurwisa zvirwere zvakasiyana.
Vanoti izvi zviri kuderedza budiriro yange yaitwa mukurwisa zvirwere zvinosanganisira cholera, typhoid neCovid-19.
“Zvakakosha kuchengetedza maAntibiotics kuitira kuti abatsire mukurwisa utachiona mumuviri wemurwere. Kuramba kushanda kwemishonga uku kunokonzerwa nekunyanya kushandiswa kwayo zvisina mwero, kana kuregedza kupedza kuinwa panguva yakatarwa. Saka munhu paanozorwara, kana akanyorerwa mushonga mumwe chete iwoyo, unoramba kushanda nekuti chirwere chiri maari chinenge choudherera.
“Ndiko kusaka vanhu vachikurudzirwa kuti vanwe mishonga yavo sekunyorwa kwainenge yakaitwa nemachiremba. Mishonga haikumbidzanwi,” vanodaro Dr Manangazira.
Ongororo yakaitwa nesangano reWorld Health Organisation inoratidza kuti kuramba kushanda kwemishonga yemaAntibiotics kunoitika kana hutachiona netumwe tumbuyu zviri mumuviri zvava kutadza kuparadzwa nemishonga zvichizopa mikana yakawanda yekupararira kwezvirwere.
Izvi zvinokonzera kurwara kwakanyanya kana rufu.
Kana zvirwere zvichinge zvoramba kurapika, zvinozova nyore kuti zvitapuriranwe muvanhu vakawanda robva razova dambudziko kunyika.
Mimwe mishonga yemaAntibiotics inonzi iri kuratidza kuramba kushanda inosanganisira amoxicillin, penicillin, augmentin, ciprofloxacin necotrimoxazole.
“Kuramba kushanda kwemishonga iyi kuri kukura gore negore nokudaro kwava kuda mishonga yakasimba inoita kuti varwere vanaye sezvinenge zvakatarisirwa.
“Semuenzaniso, pakati pegore ra2009 apo pakanyuka denda recholera, varwere vakapihwa mishonga yemaAntibiotics emhando yeciproflaxin akaramba kushanda varwere vakatadza kupona zvinova zvakadhurira nyika pakuzotsvaga mimwe mishonga yakasimba kudarika uyu,” vanodaro Dr Manangazira.
Vanoti pachine basa guru rekuti paitwe ongororo pamusoro pekuramba kushanda kwemishonga iyi kunova kuri kukonzerwa nekushandiswa kwayo kwakanyanya zvichiita kuti ijairirane neutachiona hunenge huri mumuviri wemurwere.
Vachitaurawo pamusangano mumwe chete uyu, Dr Tracy Mubambi — avo vanova Microbiologist kusangano reEnvironmental Management Agency (EMA) — vanoti kusachengetedzwa kwakanaka kwemarara ndiko kumwe kuri kukonzera kupararira kwezvirwere munyika uye kusashanda kwemimwe mishonga yemaAntibiotics.
“Mugore ra1982, mumaguta emuZimbabwe maive nechikamu che22 percent chehuwandu hwevanhu, mugore ra2002 hukawedzera kuenda pa40 percent uye pari zvino hwatonyanya kukwira. Kuwanda kwevanhu mumaguta kunorevawo kuti huwandu hwemarara anogadzirwa nevanhu hunowandawo zvichikonzera kunyuka kwezvirwere zvakawanda zvinenge zvichida mishonga iyi.
“Kusvibiswa kwenharaunda uye nzvimbo dzatinowana mvura yekunwa semadhamu nenzizi kunokonzerawo kunyuka kwezvirwere zvemanyoka secholera, nokudaro kunyanya kushandiswa kwemaAnti-biotics uku kunoita kuti miviri izokundikana kurapika,” vanodaro.
Kuchitiwo Dr Josphat Nyika, mukuru wezvekurapwa kwemhuka kubazi rezveminda, kurima, mvura nekugariswa kwevanhu kumaruwa, vanoti zvipfuyo zvinosanganisira huku nemombe, pakati pezvimwe, zvasanganawo nedambudziko rekusashanda kwemishonga yemaAntibiotics zvichitevera kunyanya kusevenzeswa kwayo.
“Vamwe varimi vari kungoenda kuzvitoro vachinotenga mishonga yavasina kunyorerwa nemachiremba anoona nezvemhuka vachipa zvipfuyo nemipimo isina kukodzera. Izvi zvinokonzera kuti mishonga iyoyo izokundikana kurapa zvirwere.
“Ndiko kusaka nyika iri kuramba ichirasikirwa nezvipfuyo zvakawanda gore negore. Zvekare, zvirwere zvemuzvipfuyo zvinogona kuzoenda kuvanhu apo vanozvibata kana kudya nyama yacho,” vanodaro.
Zimbabwe yakatarisana zvekare nedambudziko rekusashanda kwemimwe mishonga yeHIV nechikamu che10,9 percent ichiteverwa neNamibia ine 13,8 percent apo South Africa iri pamusoro munyika dziri muSADC nechikamu che23.6 percent panyaya dzePre-treatment Drug Resistance (PDR).
